我最近一直在思考的問 題,是文化決定營銷還是營銷決定文化?可以說現在是營銷的時代,當然也可以說是互聯網時代,這都沒錯。互聯網是時代的背景,營銷是時代的形式。
曆史其實是很相似的,近一百年前的美國,曾 jingjiujingliguozheyangdeshidai,shangshijiershiniandaishimeiguojindailishishangbeichengweidafanrongshidai,yebeichengweishiyingxiaodeshidai,shenchunageshidaidemeiguozongtongkelizhizengyoujumingyan:不做總統就做廣告人。那句話曾激勵了多少的廣告營銷人,直到現在我們的很多廣告營銷人還時常拿這句話激勵自己。
ruguonilejienageshidaidehua,womenzaizaixideduibizhelianggeshidaidehenduoshijian,youshiheqixiangshi,gezhongredianshijian,meitiputiangaididezhuizhu。jiujingshimeitideputiangaidizaojiuleredianshijian,haishiredianshijianyinfalemeitiputiangaididebaodaone?當然,從社會心理學、傳播學等等領域中,我們能找到很標準的答案。在這裏,我就不就答案做深究了,隻是想簡單的闡述下這兩個時代的背景。
美(mei)國(guo)的(de)大(da)繁(fan)榮(rong)時(shi)代(dai)的(de)開(kai)始(shi)背(bei)景(jing)恰(qia)恰(qia)是(shi)一(yi)戰(zhan)結(jie)束(shu)後(hou)沒(mei)多(duo)久(jiu),我(wo)們(men)現(xian)在(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)代(dai)的(de)開(kai)始(shi)背(bei)景(jing)是(shi)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)的(de)普(pu)及(ji)。一(yi)戰(zhan)媒(mei)體(ti)的(de)傳(chuan)播(bo)核(he)心(xin)是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)理(li)念(nian),是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)整(zheng)體(ti);互聯網開始時代之前,我們的媒體是有一定背景限製的;也就是說這兩個時代開始前的一段時間,傳播是自上而下的,是信息的往下滲漏。
一(yi)戰(zhan)結(jie)束(shu)之(zhi)後(hou),美(mei)國(guo)個(ge)體(ti)意(yi)識(shi)開(kai)始(shi)複(fu)蘇(su),重(zhong)心(xin)又(you)回(hui)到(dao)了(le)商(shang)業(ye)經(jing)濟(ji),現(xian)代(dai)商(shang)業(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)核(he)心(xin)是(shi)圍(wei)繞(rao)著(zhe)的(de)是(shi)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe),那(na)麼(me)其(qi)服(fu)務(wu)對(dui)象(xiang)是(shi)從(cong)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)需(xu)求(qiu)出(chu)發(fa)的(de),信(xin)息(xi)喜(xi)好(hao)的(de)重(zhong)心(xin)就(jiu)開(kai)始(shi)向(xiang)消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)傾(qing)斜(xie),抓(zhua)住(zhu)客(ke)戶(hu)就(jiu)抓(zhua)住(zhu)了(le)市(shi)場(chang)成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)營(ying)銷(xiao)人(ren)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)共(gong)識(shi)。但(dan)是(shi)客(ke)戶(hu)究(jiu)竟(jing)需(xu)要(yao)什(shen)麼(me)呢(ne)?怎樣又才能抓住客戶的心理呢?這是一個永恒的話題,也是在商業時代困擾了一代又一代營銷人的難題。
但dan如ru果guo我wo們men換huan個ge角jiao度du來lai看kan,跳tiao出chu營ying銷xiao人ren的de思si維wei,或huo許xu我wo們men會hui有you全quan新xin的de視shi野ye。在zai這zhe裏li,我wo不bu從cong市shi場chang的de角jiao度du,我wo從cong文wen化hua的de角jiao度du切qie入ru這zhe個ge話hua題ti。營ying銷xiao做zuo的de是shi文wen化hua,還hai是shi創chuang造zao文wen化hua,又you或huo者zhe是shi毀hui滅mie文wen化hua,營ying銷xiao在zai和he文wen化hua的de互hu動dong中zhong究jiu竟jing扮ban演yan的de是shi一yi種zhong怎zen樣yang的de角jiao色se呢ne?
事shi實shi上shang,營ying銷xiao這zhe三san種zhong角jiao色se的de成cheng分fen都dou存cun在zai。做zuo文wen化hua,是shi營ying銷xiao的de起qi步bu發fa展zhan階jie段duan,這zhe個ge時shi候hou對dui於yu消xiao費fei者zhe而er言yan,營ying銷xiao是shi圍wei繞rao著zhe消xiao費fei者zhe的de,對dui於yu消xiao費fei者zhe而er言yan,其qi選xuan擇ze是shi有you限xian度du的de,這zhe有you限xian度du的de選xuan擇ze就jiu讓rang消xiao費fei者zhe有you自zi己ji對dui信xin息xi處chu理li得de時shi間jian和he空kong間jian,這zhe個ge時shi候hou營ying銷xiao就jiu不bu得de不bu適shi應ying消xiao費fei者zhe的de文wen化hua心xin理li,做zuo的de是shi文wen化hua;但(dan)到(dao)了(le)第(di)二(er)階(jie)段(duan),也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)常(chang)說(shuo)的(de)贏(ying)銷(xiao)為(wei)王(wang)的(de)時(shi)代(dai),消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)麵(mian)對(dui)的(de)將(jiang)是(shi)各(ge)種(zhong)鋪(pu)天(tian)蓋(gai)地(di)的(de)廣(guang)告(gao),消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)向(xiang)第(di)一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)那(na)樣(yang)可(ke)以(yi)慢(man)條(tiao)斯(si)理(li)的(de)處(chu)理(li)信(xin)息(xi)的(de),那(na)麼(me)這(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)候(hou)營(ying)銷(xiao)要(yao)做(zuo)的(de)不(bu)是(shi)圍(wei)繞(rao)著(zhe)消(xiao)費(fei),而(er)是(shi)要(yao)在(zai)同(tong)行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)競(jing)爭(zheng),差(cha)異(yi)化(hua)賺(zhuan)眼(yan)球(qiu)是(shi)這(zhe)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)最(zui)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)特(te)征(zheng),於(yu)是(shi)營(ying)銷(xiao)就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)創(chuang)造(zao)一(yi)種(zhong)文(wen)化(hua);而er到dao了le第di三san個ge階jie段duan,就jiu是shi信xin息xi大da爆bao炸zha時shi代dai,這zhe個ge時shi代dai一yi個ge特te征zheng是shi,做zuo營ying銷xiao可ke能neng會hui死si,不bu做zuo營ying銷xiao那na就jiu一yi定ding會hui死si。營ying銷xiao成cheng了le商shang業ye時shi代dai的de一yi個ge基ji礎chu,每mei種zhong商shang品pin都dou在zai做zuo營ying銷xiao,生sheng活huo裏li營ying銷xiao無wu處chu不bu在zai,這zhe個ge時shi候hou是shi慘can烈lie的de,無wu數shu的de信xin息xi垃la圾ji就jiu因yin為wei營ying銷xiao而er造zao就jiu,到dao了le一yi定ding的de程cheng度du,這zhe種zhong商shang業ye製zhi造zao的de信xin息xi垃la圾ji就jiu會hui充chong斥chi了le整zheng個ge時shi代dai,文wen化hua就jiu沒mei有you立li足zu之zhi地di了le,這zhe時shi營ying銷xiao扮ban演yan的de就jiu是shi一yi種zhong文wen化hua毀hui滅mie者zhe的de角jiao色se。
我wo曾zeng仔zai細xi的de研yan究jiu過guo美mei國guo的de大da繁fan榮rong時shi代dai的de營ying銷xiao曆li史shi,其qi軌gui跡ji大da概gai就jiu是shi這zhe樣yang,還hai有you一yi個ge有you趣qu的de現xian象xiang,這zhe種zhong營ying銷xiao發fa展zhan階jie段duan還hai伴ban隨sui著zhe一yi個ge經jing濟ji的de泡pao沫mo的de逐zhu漸jian脹zhang大da過guo程cheng。美mei國guo大da繁fan榮rong時shi代dai的de結jie束shu是shi美mei國guo經jing濟ji大da崩beng潰kui為wei起qi點dian的de,接jie下xia來lai是shi大da蕭xiao條tiao時shi代dai。這zhe種zhong時shi代dai的de背bei景jing和he營ying銷xiao有you著zhe上shang麵mian樣yang的de聯lian係xi呢ne?這是值得我們深思的。
回hui到dao我wo們men這zhe個ge時shi代dai,回hui到dao我wo們men這zhe個ge互hu聯lian網wang時shi代dai,其qi實shi我wo們men能neng找zhao到dao很hen多duo共gong同tong點dian,互hu聯lian網wang首shou先xian是shi打da破po了le傳chuan統tong媒mei體ti對dui我wo們men信xin息xi需xu求qiu的de壟long斷duan,然ran後hou是shi我wo們men也ye開kai始shi逐zhu漸jian的de從cong那na種zhong大da一yi統tong的de教jiao育yu環huan境jing下xia解jie放fang出chu來lai,更geng多duo的de注zhu重zhong了le個ge體ti性xing,然ran後hou我wo們men開kai始shi不bu知zhi什shen麼me時shi候hou開kai始shi覺jiao得de幾ji天tian不bu上shang網wang就jiu會hui和he時shi代dai脫tuo節jie了le,我wo們men開kai始shi越yue來lai越yue依yi賴lai互hu聯lian網wang了le。也ye就jiu是shi說shuo我wo們men的de互hu聯lian網wang商shang業ye模mo式shi或huo者zhe說shuo營ying銷xiao模mo式shi已yi經jing走zou過guo了le初chu級ji階jie段duan,現xian在zai是shi步bu入ru鼎ding盛sheng的de時shi候hou,但dan究jiu竟jing能neng維wei持chi多duo久jiu呢ne?zuodianshangdezuowangluotuiguangde,xianzaidouzhujianyishidaoyigewenti,najiushiyuelaiyuenanzuole。yuanyinqishimeitaiduobiededongxi,yinweiyingxiaoyijingzhudaolezhenggehulianwang。chufeiyoumoshidetupocaikenengzhaodaoxindefangxiang,danyigeyanzhongdewenti,danglianmoshiyechengweiyingxiaodeyigezhutideshihou,namehulianwangdeshangyedetupoyouzainaline?
現(xian)在(zai)的(de)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)一(yi)片(pian)的(de)繁(fan)榮(rong),隨(sui)便(bian)一(yi)個(ge)發(fa)展(zhan)還(hai)不(bu)錯(cuo)的(de)網(wang)站(zhan)都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)輕(qing)易(yi)的(de)融(rong)資(zi)上(shang)百(bai)萬(wan)上(shang)千(qian)萬(wan),馬(ma)雲(yun)的(de)阿(e)裏(li)巴(ba)巴(ba)上(shang)市(shi)了(le),馬(ma)雲(yun)也(ye)成(cheng)了(le)首(shou)富(fu)了(le),這(zhe)是(shi)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)的(de)勝(sheng)利(li),但(dan)是(shi)否(fou)也(ye)是(shi)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)崩(beng)潰(kui)的(de)預(yu)兆(zhao)呢(ne)?buganqingyiduanyan。danyouyidianqueshimingquede,najiushihulianwangheyingxiaodejiehezhengzaitunshizhehulianwangjinyoudezuihouyidiandewenhua。yingxiaodeshengli,yidingyiyishangjiushiwenhuadeshibai。
當然,我們也不必要如此的悲觀,我們或許改變不了時代,但我們具備這樣的危機感起碼可能會保有我們自己。
產品的細分、粉絲經濟、精準營銷、再zai到dao接jie下xia來lai可ke能neng的de整zheng合he式shi營ying銷xiao等deng等deng,其qi實shi萬wan變bian不bu離li其qi宗zong,都dou是shi產chan品pin和he人ren關guan係xi,營ying銷xiao的de核he心xin就jiu是shi在zai這zhe中zhong間jian搭da橋qiao而er已yi,商shang業ye最zui終zhong還hai是shi會hui回hui到dao這zhe種zhong傳chuan統tong關guan係xi中zhong來lai的de。
之所以有這樣的思考,是最近在反思我們自己網站的出路上有感而發的,歡迎同仁一起探討。